DevOps Roadmap Overview

Introduction to DevOps

DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten the development lifecycle while delivering high-quality software. DevOps aims to automate and integrate the processes between software development and IT teams, enabling continuous delivery and continuous integration (CI/CD).

DevOps Roadmap

Understanding DevOps Culture
Definition and Principles
Benefits of DevOps
DevOps vs. Traditional IT
Version Control Systems (VCS)
Git Basics
Advanced Git Features
Branching Strategies
Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
CI/CD Concepts
Popular CI/CD Tools (Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI)
Setting Up a CI/CD Pipeline
Configuration Management
Introduction to Configuration Management
Tools: Ansible, Puppet, Chef
Writing and Managing Playbooks/Manifests
Containerization
Introduction to Containers
Docker Basics
Advanced Docker (Docker Compose, Swarm)
Orchestration
Kubernetes Basics
Advanced Kubernetes Concepts
Deploying Applications on Kubernetes
Monitoring and Logging
Importance of Monitoring and Logging
Tools: Prometheus, Grafana, ELK Stack
Setting Up Monitoring and Logging
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
Introduction to IaC
Tools: Terraform, AWS CloudFormation
Writing and Managing Infrastructure Code
Cloud Providers
Overview of Major Cloud Providers (AWS, Azure, GCP)
Setting Up and Managing Cloud Resources
Security in DevOps
- DevSecOps Overview
- Security Best Practices
- Integrating Security into CI/CD

Deep Dive into Individual DevOps Topics

1. Version Control Systems (VCS)

Git Basics

Keywords: Repository, Commit, Branch, Merge, Clone, Push, Pull

Example (Easy):
Create a new Git repository, add a file, and commit changes.

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# Initialize a new Git repository
git init my-repo
cd my-repo


# Create a new file and add content
echo "Hello, DevOps!" > hello.txt


# Add file to staging area
git add hello.txt


# Commit changes
git commit -m "Initial commit with hello.txt"

Example (Complex):
Managing branches and resolving merge conflicts.

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# Create and switch to a new branch
git checkout -b feature-update


# Make changes in the new branch
echo "Feature update" >> hello.txt
git commit -am "Added feature update"


# Switch back to main branch and make conflicting changes
git checkout main
echo "Main branch update" >> hello.txt
git commit -am "Updated main branch"


# Merge feature branch into main
git merge feature-update


# Resolve conflicts (manual step)

# Open hello.txt and resolve conflicts, then:
git add hello.txt
git commit -m "Resolved merge conflicts"

2. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)

Jenkins CI/CD Pipeline

Keywords: Pipeline, Job, Node, Stage, Agent

Example (Easy):
Basic Jenkins pipeline for building a project.

code

pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                echo 'Building project...'
                sh 'make build'
            }
        }
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                echo 'Running tests...'
                sh 'make test'
            }
        }
    }
}

Example (Complex):
Jenkins pipeline with Docker integration and deployment.

code

pipeline {
    agent any
    environment {
        DOCKER_IMAGE = 'myapp:latest'
    }
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                echo 'Building Docker image...'
                sh 'docker build -t $DOCKER_IMAGE .'
            }
        }
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                echo 'Running Docker container for tests...'
                sh 'docker run --rm $DOCKER_IMAGE make test'
            }
        }
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                echo 'Deploying Docker image...'
                sh 'docker tag $DOCKER_IMAGE myrepo/$DOCKER_IMAGE'
                sh 'docker push myrepo/$DOCKER_IMAGE'
            }
        }
    }
}

3. Configuration Management

Ansible Playbooks

Keywords: Playbook, Task, Module, Inventory, Role

Example (Easy):
Simple Ansible playbook to install Nginx.

code

---
- name: Install Nginx
  hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install Nginx package
      apt:
        name: nginx
        state: present

Example (Complex):
Ansible playbook with roles and variables.

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---
- name: Setup Web Server
  hosts: webservers
  roles:
    - nginx
    - php

Roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml:

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---
- name: Install Nginx
  apt:
    name: nginx
    state: present
- name: Configure Nginx
  template:
    src: nginx.conf.j2
    dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  notify:
    - Restart Nginx
- name: Ensure Nginx is running
  service:
    name: nginx
    state: started
    enabled: true

4. Containerization

Docker

Keywords: Image, Container, Dockerfile, Volume, Network

Example (Easy):
Creating a Dockerfile and building an image.

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# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
FROM python:3.8-slim


# Set the working directory
WORKDIR /app


# Copy the current directory contents into the container
COPY . /app


# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt


# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 80


# Define environment variable
ENV NAME World


# Run app.py when the container launches
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

Build and Run:

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docker build -t my-python-app .
docker run -p 4000:80 my-python-app

Example (Complex):
Docker Compose for multi-container application.

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version: '3'
services:
  web:
    image: my-python-app
    build: .
    ports:
      - "4000:80"
    volumes:
      - .:/code
  redis:
    image: "redis:alpine"

5. Orchestration

Kubernetes

Keywords: Pod, Deployment, Service, Cluster, Namespace

Example (Easy):
Creating a Kubernetes deployment.

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Apply Deployment:

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kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml

Example (Complex):
Kubernetes deployment with persistent storage and secrets.

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: db-secret
type: Opaque
data:
  username: dXNlcm5hbWU=
  password: cGFzc3dvcmQ=

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: webapp-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: webapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: webapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: webapp
        image: my-webapp:latest
        env:
        - name: DB_USERNAME
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: db-secret
              key: username
        - name: DB_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: db-secret
              key: password
        volumeMounts:
        - name: webapp-storage
          mountPath: /data
      volumes:
      - name: webapp-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: webapp-pvc

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: webapp-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi

By following this roadmap and diving into these examples, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of DevOps practices, tools, and techniques, enabling you to effectively implement DevOps in your projects.